Animal Physiology: Adaptation and EnvironmentCambridge University Press, 1997 M06 9 How do dolphins catch fish in murky water? Why do moths drink from puddles? How do birds' eggs breathe? How do animals work? In this revised and updated edition of the acclaimed text Animal Physiology, the answers are revealed. In clear and stimulating style, Knut Schmidt-Nielsen introduces and develops the fundamental principles of animal physiology according to major environmental features - oxygen, food and energy, temperature, and water. The structure of the book is unchanged from the previous edition, but every chapter has been updated to take into account recent developments, with numerous new references and figures. Animal Physiology is suitable as a text for undergraduate and beginning graduate courses in physiology. As with previous editions, students, teachers as well as researchers will find this book a valuable and enjoyable companion to course work and research. |
Contents
5 | |
13 | |
25 | |
Airbreathing fish | 36 |
Respiration in eggs | 47 |
61 | |
Oxygen dissociation curves | 69 |
Facilitated diffusion | 78 |
References and Additional reading | 293 |
WATER | 301 |
Excretion | 355 |
Vertebrate kidneys | 366 |
Nitrogen excretion | 378 |
References and Additional reading | 388 |
INTEGRATION | 395 |
Muscle what it is | 402 |
References and Additional reading | 87 |
Vertebrate circulation | 93 |
The physics of flow in tubes | 106 |
Invertebrate circulation | 115 |
Blood coagulation and hemostasis | 121 |
FOOD AND ENERGY | 127 |
Digestion | 137 |
Energy metabolism | 169 |
Problems of diving | 178 |
Metabolic rate and body size | 192 |
Size and problems of scaling | 199 |
Physiological time | 207 |
TEMPERATURE | 217 |
Tolerance to cold and freezing | 225 |
Temperature adaptation | 232 |
References and Additional reading | 238 |
Temperature heat and heat transfer | 247 |
Heat balance | 253 |
Torpor and hibernation | 277 |
Body temperature in coldblooded animals | 284 |
Skeletons | 425 |
Buoyancy | 442 |
References and Additional reading | 458 |
Control and integration | 465 |
How nerve cells function | 471 |
Nerve impulses | 479 |
excitation inhibition | 486 |
References and Additional reading | 495 |
Information and senses | 533 |
Vibration and sound | 540 |
Light and vision | 548 |
Animal electricity | 555 |
Transmission and sorting of sensory information | 562 |
References and Additional reading | 574 |
APPENDIXES | 581 |
Logarithmic and exponential equations | 588 |
595 | |
596 | |
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Common terms and phrases
action potential active amino acids ammonia amount amphibians animals aquatic arterial axon Biol birds blood body mass body temperature calcium capillary carbon dioxide causes cells chemical concentration contains contraction cuttlebone decreases diffusion digestion diving effect elasmobranchs electric endocrine energy enzyme evaporation example excretion excretory Figure fish flow fluid force frequency frog function gases gills gland glucose heart heat hemoglobin higher hormone important increase insects inulin invertebrates ions juvenile hormone kidney light liter lung lungfish mammalian mammals marine mechanism membrane metabolic rate molecules muscle fibers myosin nerve neuron nitrogen normal organs osmoregulation osmotic oxygen oxygen consumption permeability Physiol physiological plasma potassium pressure produce protein receptor relative release renal respiration respiratory salt Schmidt-Nielsen sea water secretion sensory skin sodium solution species stimulated structure substances surface swimbladder swimming synapses teleost tion tissue transport tubule uptake urea uric acid urine venous vertebrates volume